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                            SINGAPHATHA KANJANI

                               IMVELO YETHU?



Lapha eningizimu Afrika sinemithetho eminingi yokuvikela imvelo. Kodwa
leyomithetho yayiziqephuqephu eminyakeni eminingi. Leyomithetho yayisiza
kuphela abelungu bona abayingcosana. Sifanele ukuyibuyekeza lemithetho
ukuze ivikele indawo yethu nokuzuza kukawonke-wonke.

Eminye imithetho nokuqhuba kuyafana neyamazwe ahlumile iMelika nendlela
okuphathwangayo imvelo iyafana neyamazwe ahlumile kodwa iNingizimu Africa
ayifani nalawo amanye amazwe sifanele sithole izindlela zokuvikela imvelo
yethu esifanele nesikwazi ukuyipatha. Sifanele ukuthola izindlela zokuqoqa
amaqembu ahlukene okuvikela imvelo yethu kufakelelwe nezimboni izinyonyani
neyemimhlangano yemiphakathi.

Abantu abaningi baye babhala ngezinkinga zemvelo yethu. Abantu abaningi
bavumelana ngezinkinga esifanele ukubhekana nazo. Kodwa akuwonke-wonke
ovumelana nobuhle nendlela yoku zixazulula.

Ngabe yiziphi izinkinga okwamanje ezinzima esibhekene nazo zokubonelela
imvelo yethu?

Umgomo wemvelo bezwe yethu ulixhungexhunge uye wephulwa iziqephu ezincane

Umgomo wemvelo yethu uthinta nakwezinye izindawo njengezolimo, ezokuthutha,

ukunikezela ngogesi nokwakhiwa kwezindlu. Sidinga umgomo owodwa wezemvelo
ozakusibonisa kulezizindawo. Uma singenakho lokhu, ingcebo yethu yemvelo
iyosetshenziswa ngokwedulele kudlalwe ngayo.

Iminyango yohulumeni eminingi eyahlukene ibhekela ezemvelo ngandlela thize.
Isibonelo, umnyango wezamanzi ulawula ukugcola kwamanzi. UMnyango wezemvelo
ulawula ukugcola komoya. UMnyango wezamandla ulawula ubhekane nokonakala
kwemvelo okudaleka obhekene nezokubhiwa phansi, okunamandla umonakaliso
wobunjalo kwezezimayini. Ngaphansi komthethosiseko wesikhashana, ukubhekana
nemvelo kuwumsebenzi wohulumeni wamaprovinsi.

Ukuphatha kwemvelo kwehlukanisaiwe eleminyango bephuiwe phakathi
kweminyango eyehiukene. Awukho nowodwa umnyango okhethiwe ukuba ubhekane
nomsebenzi wezemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umonakalo omningi uye wenziwa
kwimvelo yethu.

Iminyango kahulumeni kufanele izihlole yona:

Kukhona eminye iminyango kahulumeni okufanele ukuba ikhuthaze eminye
imisebenzi, nokwenza ukuba leyomsebenzi awonakalisi imvelo. Isibonelo,
Umnyanqo Wezolimo ukhuthaza ezolimo. Kodwa ngesinye isikhathi indlela
yezolimo eyenziwa ngayo kukhubazaimvelo. Ngakho ke, kunzima emnyangweni
Wezolimo ukuba ikhuthaze ezolimo nokuvikele imvelo.

Ukuqinise kisa ukuthi abantu bagcina imithetho:

Asinabo ngokwaneleyo abohloli abaqeqeshiwe abafanele ukuhlolisisa izimboni
amapulazi, kanye nezohwebo ukuba aziwuphuli umthetho wokuvikela imvelo
yethu. Ngesinye isikhathi, uma umuntu otholwa enqe umthetho inhlawulo
abayinikezwayo yona incane kangangokuba kabakhathazeki. Bayingcosana abantu
abavezwa phambi kwenkantolo ngokuphula imithetho yemvelo.

Ukuswelakala kwezazizo zombiko:

Kuyaye kubenzima ukuthola izaziso ngokunqcola eziphuma kuhulumeni noma
amafektri adala ukungcola. Amaqembu ezemvelo ama siviki kanye nezinyunyane
bayaludinga lolulwazi. Lolulwazi lubaluleke kakhulu kithina ukuze siqonde
ingozi esungabe sikuyo ngokungcoliswa.

Bayingcosana abantu abaqeqeshiweyo:

Sinabantu obayingcosana aboqeqeshiwe ngokufaneleyo ukuba basebenze
kuhulumeni ukuze bavikele imvelo. Bayingcosana kakhulu abantu abansudu
nabesifazane. uhulumeni akanikezi iholo elihie. lningi labantu abageqeshiwe
babona kugcono ukusebenzeia izimboni. Kufuneka izinhlelo zezifundo ezanele
kutholakala khona imfundo ephakeme, ziqeqeshe abantu abafundele
lowomisebenzi emanyunivesi nama eTheknikoni zona ezofundisa izisebenzi
esizifunayo.

Umsebenzi obhekene nama provensi nami nyango yesizwe:

Ukuphathwa kwezemvelo kufanele kwenzeke endaweni lapho kuhlelwa khona.
Okwamanje umbuso wezwe yiwona onamandla ngolawulo. Njengoba imibuso
yamaprovensi iyosiza kakhuiu ekunakekeleni imvelo. Kodwa labo abahlala
emaproviensini asemaphandleni bafanelwe ukunikwa imali elingene yokuqasha
abantu abaqeqeshiwe ukivikela imvelo.

Akwenelisi ukuhlanganyelwa uwonkewonke

Esikhathini esendlule kwakungaxoxiswana nawo wonke umphakathi ngokwenziwa
kwemigomo wobunjalo bendawo nangokwenziwa kwemithetho, ngaphandle kwabantu
abansundu yibono ababebandlululwa kulezizinqumo kodwa ukukhathalela imvelo
kuyangokukhula. Uwonkewonke ufuna kuboniswane naye ngemigomo nokwenziwa
kwemithetho. Uwonkewonke nezisebenzi zifuna ukubizwa batshelwe
ngokugcoliswa, nangokusetshenziswa kwemithi eyingozi nokunye.

Izinhlangano nawo umphakathi, izisebenzi kanye nezinhlangano okungezona
zenzuzo bangabana nezandla, uma abantu beseqenjini lokubhala umgomo,
kufanele bogcizelele ukuba benze umsebenzi womgomo.

Esikhathini esendlule, umphakathi wawungamenywa ekuvikeleni imvelo
abesifazane babenganakwa neze, kodwa abesifazane bona babefanele ukufakwa
ekwahluleleni kwezemvelo. Abesifazane yibona abezwa ubuhlungu uma imvelo
yonakala. Abafazi basemaphandleni basebenzisa isikhathi esingamahola amade
befunana nezinkuni. Yibo abatheza izinkuni namanzi babheke ukuhlanzeko
kwezindlu, balungise nokudla. Yibona ababalulekile ekwakheni impilo enhle
nemnandi enjabulweni yendawo oynke yemvelo.

Umphakathi kufanele uxoxe ngezentuthuko nangokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Kufanele
futhi ukuba ubeyingxenye yezokuphathwa kwentuthuko. Lokhu kuyobasiza ukuba
bakwazi ukunakekela izimpilo zabo kanye nemvelo.

Ishampiyoni yezemvelo ebuthakathaka

Umnyango wezemvelo nozokuvakasha ubuthakathaka, kanti futhi awunazo
izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe ngokwanele ukuze zivikele imvelo ngokufaneleyo.

Kanthi futhi, awubonwa ngeminye iminyango kahulumeni njengomnyango
obalulekile. lokhu kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuvikela imvelo yethu
ngokufaneleyo kubuye kusho ukuthi umgomo wokuvimbela okwenziwa ngaphambili
ungahle unganakwa ngenxa yezinto ezifuna ukwenziwa ngeminye iminyango.
Lokhu kuyoba isisusa somonakolo wobunjalo bendawo yethu.

EMelika kukhona ihhovisi likahulumeni elibizwa i-Environmental Protection
Agency, lelihoovisi beselinamandia kakhulu okuvikela imvelo. Arnazwe wonke
afamele ukuthi abenawo somyongo onamandla okuvikela imvelo. Lomnyango
unfanele ube nemithetho enamandla ubebukhali. Kufanele ibe nabasebenzi
abaningi eziqeqeshwe ngokwanele loku kuyoshdinga imali eningi.

Sindinga inxusa eliqinile kunomnyango wezemvelo noku vakasha. Futhi sidinga
indlela eyehlukile yokuphatha imvelo. Sidinga imithetho enamandla ukuvikela
imvelo; izisebenzi ezanele ezizokwenza ukuba abantu balalele leyomithetho,
ukusekwalwa ngumphakathi ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo kanye nezindaba
zikawonke-wonke. Futhi sidinga ukuba umbuso unokugiphendulela emphakathini
ngezempatho yemvelo. Sidinga futhi ukuba senze uphenyo ukuze sizoqonda
izinkinga zezemveloo esizokwazi ukubhekona nazo.

Ukunconywa

Inxusa LikaHumeni Lezemvelo:

Inxusa likahulumeni lezizwe elizobhekana nemvelo kufanele libekwe.
Lowomuntu kufanele ukuba enze ukuthi imvelo ivikelwe. Inxusa likahulumeni
lifanele libhekisise ukuba ukusebenza kuncikene namalungelo abantu bonke
ngemvelo obunjalo bendawo eNingizi Africa. Inxusa likahulumeni kufanele
libukisi ngemisebenzi yeminyango kahulumeni. Lelihovisi lenxusa kwezemvelo
kuyakufanela libenguMmeli wezemvelo. Lelihovisi libelincane eliyakusebenza
ngokufanele. Lizimele ngokwalo lodwa lingehlangane neminye imnyango
kahulumeni. lifanele ukubikela umongameli nepalamende ngemisebenzi yalo.
Linab semahhovisini kaPublic Protector*.

Amaprogramme Ezemvelo Entuthuko:

Izigungu zokweluleka zihlonywe esizweni, kumaprovinsi nasemakhaya.
Lezizigungu ziyothatha zifaneleke ukuphatha ukusekela iminikelo noma
okubekwa ngabantu mayelana nobunjalo bendawo kuhulumeni nemigomo
nokuthuthukisa okuqotho. Zingaqiniseka ukuthi lokho ekuphathelene nemvelo
kuzofakwa ku RDP. Zingaphakamisa izindawo laphokudingeka khona ucwaning
noma ukunakekelwa lapho kudingeka khona.

Izinkundla ezilulekayo kufanele zibunjiwe ngabantu abaqhamuka ezindaweni
ezahlukene zonke ezinanakhono ngokuvikeleka kobunjaio bendawo. Bangabi
ochwepeshe kuphela. Uma imikhandlu yemiphakathi inikezwe ukusekwa
ngokwezimali ukuze nabo abantu bakwazi ukuwangenela lamaforamu, futhi
nemali yokwelekelela ukuze kuthathwe ingxenye yekundla.

Abaqapheli bemvelo nabanye (EMEA):

Iminyango eminingi eyahlukene inabasebenzi aqaphea ukuba imithetho yemvelo
kayephulwa banezisebenzi ezifundisa abantu ngokuvikela imvelo lokhu
kufaka-Resource Conservation Inspectors kanye nabohloli bokonga kwamacebo
kanye nabantu abaphethe izikhundla kwezolimo abaku Mnyango Wesolimo.
Abezokugandwa nabaphethe izikhunda kwemvelo kanye nabezokudoba olwandle;
nabehloli bokungcola komoya bomnyango wezemvelo kanye nezokungcola kwamanzi
aba kumnyango Weza Manzi noMhlabathi.

Bonke labasebenzi kufanele babengaphansi komkhandlu owodwa. Lokhu kuyokuba
yi-Environmental Monitoring and Extension Agency (EMEA). Yona ezobikela u
Ngqongqoshe wezemvelo.

iEMEA iyobhekana nokuvikeleka kwemvelo, ingabheki kuphela ukungcola
kwamanzi noMoya kuphela

Kufanele ' kube nokuxhumana phakathi kweqembu namaqembu aphathelene
nezemvelo emisebenzi. Leli embu libuye lifundise ngezemvelo.

Leliqembu kufanele lizimele. Kufanele libe nezisebenzi eziqeqeshwe
ngokwanele, futhi kufanele libe nemithetho enamandla ezosetshenziswa.
Amalungu omphakathi kanye nezinyunyane zibike izinkinga mayelana nezemvelo
kuzo bese zona zenze uphenyo.

iEMEA kufanele isebenzisane ngokusondelana nezimboni, ezemayini, abalimi,
izinyunyane kanye neminyango kahulumeni. Ngokuhlanganyela lamaqembu
angasiza ngokubeka amasu kanye namacebo okuvikelwa inhlalo kangcono.

IEMEA ifanele iqiniseke ukuthi ezemvelo nazo ziyafakelewa ku-RDP.

iEMEA ifanele ibeneqembu labahloli abasebenza kuleyondawo. Labahloli
kufanele babize abahloli abaqeqeshwe kakhuiu uma kudingeka. Labahloli
kufanele babe namacebo alingene okwenza ukuba kungabikho noyedwa owephula
leyomithetho yenhlalo. Kufanele futhi ukuba balungisele intuthuko
yezindlela ezintsha zokuvikela inhlalo ukuze kube nenzuzo kubo bonke abase
Ningizimu Afrika.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwemitheto ekuvikeleni inhlalo

Umthethosiseko wezwe unika wonke umphakathi wase Ningizimu Afrika ilunqelo
lokunhlala ngaphandle kokwesaba ingozi ezimpilweni zabo. Futhi inika wonke
umphakathi wase Ningizimu Africa ilungelo lokwaziswa. Ngokuvikela
lelolungelo lomthetho wehlukanisa, ulawulo lwenhlalo yethu phakathi
kwesizwe, ngokwamaprovinsi kanye nohulumeni wendawo. Imithetho yenhlalo
yethu kufanele ibhalwe kabusha ukuze ifanele konke ngalolushintsho.

Kufanele futhi sibhale kabusha yonke imithetho ehiukile ukuba ibe umthetho
owodwa wenhialo. Singafunda kwamanye amazwe ngokwenziwa kwalokhu
ngemfanelo.

Sifanele senze kube lula kumphakathi ukuya ezinkantolo mayelama nezinhialo.
Kufanele futhi sibheke ukuthi iminyanga kahulumeni iyakwazi ukuyisa
ngamunye ekantolo.

Yonke iminyango kahulumeni kanye nezezimboni kufanele zibike ngokuthinteka
kwabo kwimvelo. Isibonelo, kufanele babike ngamacebo emvelo
abawasebenzisayo, nangokukhiqizwa kokulahliwayo kanye nokuthi ubunjalo
buthinteka kanjani.

Ukubukwa kwezemvelo kanye nokuiosiswa kwenkambiso yayo

Izintuthuko ezinkulu kufanele ukuba zibenokuwadalula ukuthi izenzo zabo
ziyithinta kanjani imvelo. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe njengoba ezomnyango
wezemvelo iqondise ngakhona (IEM). Imithetho leyo ifanele iqine.

Ihhovisi elikhethiweyo lokubuka kwemvelo nokuhlolisisa kwenkambiso lifanele
limiswe. Lehhovisi liqiniseke ukuthi imvelo ivikelekha ngemfanelo.

Ukuphathatwa kwezemvelo okungcono

Uhlelo lukahulumeni alusebenzisa ukuvikela inhlalo kufanele yenziwe
isebenze ngcono. Kufanele kuncishiswe iminyango kahulumeni ezobhekana
nezindaba zenhlalo. Kodwa kufanele sizifundise ngokunakekela lezizinkinga
ukuze sithole indlela yokukwenza lokho kangcono.

Siyaqiniseke ukuthi lezi zinqubo zilungile. Ngokuqhubeka, singasho izinto
ezinjengokuthola amaqiniso ekwenzeni isahlulelo. Futhi sisho ukuthi
uhulumeni abenobudlelwano obuhle phakathi kwama qembu ikakhulu izimboni,
izinyunyane, neminye yemiphakathi.

Okunye okungenzwiwa wukuthi kwakhiwe umnyango oyobhekana nengcebo yemvelo.
Lomnyango kufanele ubhekane nezamanzi, umoya, nengcebo yomhlaba. Loluhlelo
lukhona nase Uganda.

Okunye okungenziwa ukaba nomnyango wezemvelo nokuhlela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi
ezemvelo kuyofakwa kulo lonke ilizwe konke ukuhlelwa kwezwe.

Okwesithathu okungenziwa ukuba nomnyango wokusekela intuthuko. Kulomnyango,
konke okubalulekile kufanele kuhlanganiselwe ndawonye. Lombono unzima
ukuwenza.

Umnyango wezemvelo onamandla:

Umnyango wezemvelo kufanele ube namandla, lomnyango kuyodingeka ugcizelele
ukuthi emnyango ibonisana nongqongqoshe wezemvelo ngaphambi konkwenza
okuthile

okuyothinta imvelo.

Uhulumeni kufanele akhumbule ubukhulu bobuhle bobunjalo bendawo nokuphathwa
kwesizwe. Izisebenzi zikaHulumeni kufanele zikuthathe okuyimibono okuvela
ezakhamuzini.

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Okuphakathi
